Hi,
did you create the Boot.bin with the tcl command "TE::sw_run_vitis -all" ? described under Design Flow, if you use the reference design.
Design Flow - step 5. -> If you use the provided petalinux template and the xsa file, you should be able to build petalinux without errors.
From there you can apply your changes to the vivado project, generate a new xsa and again import it to the petalinux project. If that fails there is probably something wrong with the vivado hardware design or you made some errors in the petalinux project.
unfortunately petalinux error messages are not always very obvious of what the actual cause of failure is ...
regarding your boot prints, its stuck before uboot starts to be executed. But since you didnt manage to successfully build linux, what files did you put on the sd card to boot?
I always recommend to go through the design flow with our provided reference design and if that works, try to apply your changes.