Ok, in case different SD cards doesn't work, maybe it a other issue.
Can you program Boot.bin into QSPI and boot from QSPI. During Programming, vivado check one time boot mode. Can you check which boot mode will display on the tcl console of vivado?
Remove SD card to swich boot mode an power off/on the board? You should see the uboot console(uboot stops, because SD is missing), insert SD card and start linux booting manually on uboot console.
Does this works?
br
John